Tackling global warming requires some serious investment, with Asia alone requiring almost half of the USD 125 trillion needed to meet the Paris Agreement temperature goals and achieve net zero by 2050.
Yet, the funding of decarbonization has tended to focus on developed market economies, rather than in the emerging markets where it is most needed. A change in mindset is essential if investors are to not only play their role in net zero, but also find the best opportunities in the transition, Robeco’s latest research has found.
“This decade is make or break for climate change. The battleground is in emerging markets and developing economies,” says Thu Ha Chow, Head of Fixed Income in Asia and co-author of a special report on the issue, ‘Finding alpha in emerging markets’ sustainable transition.’
Focusing the impact
“In the past ten years, these emerging economies have accounted for 93% of the rise in carbon emissions. In the next ten years, they will account for 98% of global population growth. This makes them a key part of the global transition story, where the greatest impact is needed, and can be made, if we are going to reach our global net-zero targets.”
Even though emerging markets have largely been ignored – or even excluded – by mainstream investors when it comes to pursuing net zero, the financial odds remain in their favor. “Cutting emissions in these economies is estimated to cost half as much as in advanced economies due to the relative ease of purchasing clean technologies,” Chow says.
“In a study of ten developing economies, Standard Chartered reported that every dollar spent on adaptation in these countries in this decade would result in USD 12 of economic benefit. This supports a greater allocation of resources in emerging markets, where decarbonizing investments will ‘get more bang for the buck’.” 1
Insufficient data and terminology
One problem has been a lack of reliable data; research by Mobilising Institutional Capital Through Listed Product Structures (Mobilist) shows that mainstream ESG screening has actually diverted funds away from emerging economies because vital information is lacking.2
“Another key issue has been the lack of a clear definition for ‘transition’ which goes beyond strict adherence to ‘green’ activities against a backdrop of greenwashing fears,” says Chow. “Although emerging economies (excluding China) account for over two-thirds of the global population, they currently represent only one-third of global energy investment and a mere 20% of clean energy investment. Further, only about 3.6% of global pension funds are invested in these economies.”
This lack of definitions is being addressed by regional regulators such as the Monetary Authority of Singapore, which has launched the Singapore-Asia Taxonomy. This is the first in the world to include a ‘transition’ category that accounts for the needs of Asia as it seeks to position itself as a transitional financing hub for the region, alongside Hong Kong and Japan.
Annual average investment (USD trillions) required for decarbonization across regions, 2021-2050. Source: GFANZ. 3
Two ways to find potential opportunities
So, how can investors address the problem? It lies in two areas: using this imperfect data to actually play markets at their own game rather than shying away from them, and having the right tools to identify the best corporate opportunities, Chow says.
“Imperfect information and market bias can offer attractive alpha opportunities for investors who find ways to bridge what the market lacks,” she says. “These research-driven investors aim to understand what is beyond the numbers, moving beyond the known facts to seek what the market may have missed. This applies just as much to sustainability and transition assessments as it does to financial analysis.”
“In the high-emitting sectors, the ability to transition is fundamental to an investment case, and the conclusion should not be to avoid the sectors, but to invest in the winners and the solution providers. It means creating frameworks that will allow us to establish credible transition candidates.”
Using the right frameworks
You therefore need the right frameworks. Robeco has developed tools that allow a 360-degree view of the potential emerging market investment landscape through the lens of the Sustainable Development Goals, using our proprietary SDG Framework for both companies and countries. This can view industries more reliant on fossil fuels as a solution waiting to happen, rather than as a current problem.
“For example, in emerging markets, vital activities like power generation are often tied to carbon-intensive assets,” Chow says. “Here we should be looking at the companies that have credible transition plans, as they will be main beneficiaries of decarbonization. This requires tooling such as our geographical Sector Decarbonization Pathways (SDPs) and our Traffic Light credibility assessment.”
“Meanwhile, Robeco’s wider stewardship and active engagement strategy ensures that we can keep a close eye on material sustainability issues that go beyond simple decarbonization. This can improve the transparency that is sometimes lacking in emerging markets, overcome inaction caused by greenwashing fears, and better channel investments to where impact can be maximized.”